URBAN INEQUALITY: AN ASSESSMENT ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES IN KHULNA CITY CORPORATION, BANGLADESH

Authors

  • Md. Hasan Howlader Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
  • Md. Ashikuzzaman Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
  • Md. Zobayer Hossain Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
  • Md. Arman Khan Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2018.15.1&2.1801-S

Keywords:

Urban inequality, infrastructure and services, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve, Khulna City Corporation.

Abstract

The objective of the study is to analyze the nature of inequality in the distribution of infrastructure and services in Khulna City Corporation. Results of Gini coefficient show that public toilet, market (both commercial and essential commodity), bank, park, factory and culvert are unequally distributed across the city whereas distribution of tube-well, primary school, hospital and dustbin show more equal distribution within the city. Findings reveal that first principal component (termed as Urban Conveniences) has positive association with public toilet, market (both commercial and essential commodity), culvert, primary school and bank whereas the second principal component
(termed as Commercial Infrastructure) has positive relation with commercial market and bank. The third component (termed as Health and Urban Hygiene) has positive relation with hospital and dustbin and lastly, the fourth principal component (termed as Industrial Enterprises) has positive association with factory. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering method exhibits that only one Ward (Ward # 21), out of 31, is the most privileged area in terms of agglomeration of infrastructure and services. This study calls for greater attention on the part of the government to address the uneven distribution of infrastructure and services to foster socio-economic development in areas that are lagging behind.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adefila, J. O. (2012). Regional inequalities in socio-economic development in Nassarawa state of Nigeria: A spatial analysis for planning. Asian Social Science, 9(1), 60– 67. doi: <https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n1p60>

Aderamo, A. J., & Aina, O. A. (2011). Spatial inequalities in accessibility to social amenities in developing countries: A case from Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(6), 316–322.

Aghion, P., & Williamson, J. G. (1998). Growth, inequality, and globalization: Theory, history, and policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Aghion, P., Caroli, E., & Garcia-Penalosa, C. (1999). Inequality and economic growth: The perspective of the new growth theories. Journal of Economic Literature, 37(4), 1615-1660. doi:<10.1257/jel.37.4.1615>

Ahmed, B. (2011). Modelling spatio-temporal urban land cover growth dynamics using remote sensing and GIS techniques : A case study of Khulna city. Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, 4, 15–32.

Ali, I., & Pernia, E. M. (2003). Infrastructure and poverty reduction — What is the connection? (ERD Policy Brief No. 13). Manila: Asian Development Bank.

Atkinson, A. (2015). Inequality: What can be done? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Ayub, M. (2013). Poverty and inequality. Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 5(3), 329-346. doi: https://doi.

Bajar, S., & Rajeev, M. (2015). The impact of infrastructure provisioning on inequality: Evidence from India (Global Labor University Working Paper No. 35). Retrieved from

< http://www.global-labouruniversity.org/fileadmin/GLU_Working Papers/GLU-WP- No. 35.pdf>

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2015). Bangladesh population and housing census 2011, Zila

Report: Khulna. Retrieved from lna. Retrieved <http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila-Khulna.pdf>

Benhabib, J. (2003). The tradeoff between inequality and growth. Annals of Economics and Finance, 4(2), 491–507.

Calderon, C., & Chong, A. (2004). Volume and quality of infrastructure and the distribution of income: An empirical investigation. The Review of Income and Wealth, 50(1), 87-106. doi: 10.1111/j.0034-6586.2004.00113.x

Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2010). Infrastructure in Latin America (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5317). Retrieved from< https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/69 88/WPS4712.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y>

Cangelosi, R., & Goriely, A. (2007). Component retention in principal component analysis with application to cDNA microarray data. Biology Direct, 2(2). doi:<10.1186/1745-6150-2-2>

Chatterjee, S., & Turnovsky, S. J. (2012). Infrastructure and inequality. European Economic Review, 56(8), 1730-1745. doi: <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.08.003> Cockburn, J., Dissou, Y., Duclos, J.-Y., & Tiberti, L. (Eds.) (2013). Infrastructure and economic growth in Asia. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

Démurger, S. (2001). Infrastructure development and economic growth: An explanation for regional disparities in China? Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(1), 95–117. doi: <https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.2000.1693>

Estache, A. (2003). On Latin America’s infrastructure privatization and its distributional effects. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved from<https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.411942>

Estache, A. (2003). On Latin America’s infrastructure privatization and its distributional effects. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved from<https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.411942>

Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS

Gibson, J., & Rioja, F. (2014). A bridge to equality: How investing in infrastructure affects the distribution of wealth [PDF File]. Retrieved from<https://www.frbatlanta.org/- /media/documents/news/conferences/2014/SIDEworkshop/papers/Gibson-Rioja.pdf>

Hooper, E., Peters, S., & Pintus, P. (2017). To what extent can long-term investment in infrastructure reduce inequality? (Banque de France Working Paper No. 624). Retrieved from <https://ssrn.com/abstract=2952365>

Jackson, J. E. (2004). A user’s guide to principal components. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Kanbur, R., & Venables, A. J. (Eds.) (2005). Spatial inequality and development. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Kim, S. (2008). Spatial inequality and economic development : Theories, facts, and policies (Commission on Growth and Development Working Paper No. 16). Retrieved from<http://www.kantakji.com/media/4643/c367.pdf>

Lall, S. V., & Chakravorty, S. (2004). Industrial location and spatial inequality: Theory and evidence from India. Review of Development Economics, 9(1), 47-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9361.2005.00263.x

Leipziger, D., Fay, M., Wodon, Q., & Yepes, T. (2003). Achieving the millennium development goals: The role of infrastructure (Policy Research Working Paper No. 3163) Retrieved from<https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17901>

Litchfield, J. (1999). Inequality: Methods and tools [PDF File].Retrieved

from<http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.201.1911 &rep=rep1&type=pdf>

Lopez, H. (2003). Macroeconomics and inequality (World Bank Working Paper No. 37572). Retrieved from<http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/292721468319775386 /Macroeconomics-and-inequality>

Majumder, R. (2012). Removing poverty and inequality in India: The role of infrastructure (MPRA

Paper No. 40941). Retrieved from<https://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/40941/1/rm24.pdf

Mendoza, O. M. V. (2017). Infrastructure development, income inequality and urban sustainability in the People’s Republic of China (ADBI Working Paper No. 713). Retrieved from<https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/239186/adbiwp713.pd

Murtaza, G. (2001). Environmental problems in Khulna city, Bangladesh: A spatiohousehold level study. Global Built Environment Review, 1(2), 32–37. Obu, J. I., Obienusi, E. A., Ozoemene, M. L., & Iwu, E. O. (2015). Spatial inequality in

development: A case study of Anambra state, Nigeria. International Journal of Physical and Human Geography, 3(4), 1–26.

Paul, S. (2012). Factors and dimensions of inter-ward disparities in urban facility-utility services in Burdwan city, India. Applied Science Research, 4(3), 1376–1388. Rahman, K. R., & Salauddin, M. (2009). A spatial analysis on the provision of urban public services and their deficiencies: A study of some selected blocks in Khulna city, Bangladesh. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 4(1), 120-132. Retrieved from<http://um.ase.ro/no1S/10.pdf>

Raychaudhury, A., & De, P. (2010). Trade, infrastructure and income inequality in selected Asian countries: An empirical analysis (ARTNeT Working Paper Series No. 82). Retrieved from<http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/ AWP%20No.%2082.pdf>

Roy, M. K., Datta, D. K., Adhikari, D. K., Chowdhury, B. K., & Roy, P. J. (2005). Geology of the Khulna City Corporation. Life Earth Science, 1(1), 57–63.

Royce, E. (2009). Poverty and power: A structural perspective on American inequality. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.

Seethepalli, K., Bramati, M. C., & Veredas, D. (2008). How relevant is infrastructure to growth in

East Asia? (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4597).

Retrieved from<http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/845081468234277536

/pdf/wps4597.pdf>

Seneviratne, D., & Sun, Y. (2013). Infrastructure and income distribution in ASEAN-5: What are

the links? (IMF Working Paper No. WP/13/41). Retrieved

from<https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Inf

rastructure-and-Income-Distribution-in-ASEAN-5-What-are-the-Links40316>

Shefer, D., & Antonio, M. (2013). Spatial inequality between and within urban areas: The

case of Israeli cities. European Planning Studies, 21(3), 373-387.

doi:<10.1080/09654313.2012.718198>

Simon, N. S., & Natarajan, P. (2017). Nonlinearity between infrastructure inequality and

growth: Evidence from India. Review of Market Integration, 9(1-2), 66–82.

doi:<10.1177/0974929217721764>

Sridharan, N. (2011). Spatial inequality and the politics of urban expansion. Environment and

Urbanization ASIA, 2(2), 187-204. doi:<10.1177/097542531100200204>

United Nations. (2013). Inequality matters: Report of the world social situation 2013. New York,

NY: UN. Retrieved from<http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/

documents/reports /InequalityMatters.pdf>

United Nations Development Programme. (2013). Humanity divided: Confronting inequality in

developing countries. New York, NY: UNDP. Retrieved

from<http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Poverty%20Red

uction/Inclusive%20development/Humanity%20Divided/HumanityDivide d_Full-Report.pdf>

World Bank. (1994). World development report 1994: Infrastructure for development. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Downloads

Published

25-12-2018

How to Cite

[1]
M. H. . Howlader, M. . Ashikuzzaman, M. Z. . Hossain, and M. A. . Khan, “URBAN INEQUALITY: AN ASSESSMENT ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES IN KHULNA CITY CORPORATION, BANGLADESH”, Khulna Univ. Stud., pp. 133–148, Dec. 2018.

Issue

Section

Social Sciences

Similar Articles

<< < 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.