ASSOCIATION AND IMPACT OF SEVERAL RISK FACTORS OF INTERNET ADDICTION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF BANGLADESH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2022.ICSTEM4IR.0078-seKeywords:
Risk factors, Internet addiction, Mental health condition, Depression, Anxiety, StressAbstract
Internet addiction seems to have become a tremendous issue around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. This study intends to investigate the underlying components and their consequences on internet addiction. Our study included about 348 participants from university students of the southern part of Bangladesh. The sample was obtained via convenience sampling strategy. Univariate analysis comprised frequencies with percentages, Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between variables. With the help of multinomial logistic regression, the effect of various risk factors was found simultaneously. Our evaluation will be designated to indicate that majority respondents are moderate and addicted internet users. This may also reveal the significant risk factors: preferred place of using internet (RRR = 0.222, CI = [0.061,0.0811]), time since first internet use (RRR = 0.211, CI = [0.056,0.799]). Moreover, mental health condition such as depression (p-value < 0.01), anxiety (p-value = 0.006), and stress (p-value = 0.034) indicated significant relationship with internet addiction. Based on our findings, we were able to identify risk factors that could aid in the reduction of internet addiction.
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Chowdhury, A. T., Siddiqua, S. R., Rahman, L., Hossian, M., & Nabi, M. H. (2022). Internet addiction during COVID-19 restricted movement period: A cross-sectional study from Bangladesh (11:519). F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.108664.1
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Islam, Md. A., & Hossin, M. Z. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors of problematic internet use and the associated psychological distress among graduate students of Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health, 6(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40405-016-0020-1
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Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Binder, J. F. (2013). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 959–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024
Laconi, S., Kaliszewska-Czeremska, K., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Barke, A., Jeromin, F., Groth, J., Gamez-Guadix, M., Ozcan, N. K., Demetrovics, Z., Király, O., Siomos, K., Floros, G., & Kuss, D. J. (2018). Cross-cultural study of Problematic Internet Use in nine European countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 430–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.020
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Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
Mak, K.-K., Lai, C.-M., Watanabe, H., Kim, D.-I., Bahar, N., Ramos, M., Young, K. S., Ho, R. C. M., Aum, N.-R., & Cheng, C. (2014). Epidemiology of Internet Behaviors and Addiction Among Adolescents in Six Asian Countries. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(11), 720–728. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0139
Mustafa, M. Y., Rose, N. N., & Ishak, A. S. (2020). Internet Addiction and Family Stress: Symptoms, Causes and Effects. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1529(3), 032017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1529/3/032017
Onukwuli, V. O., Udigwe, I. B., Enebe, N. O., Umeh, U. M., & Enebe, J. T. (2022). 135. Internet Addiction Among Adolescents in South East Nigeria During COVID 19 Pandemic – Implications for Adolescent Care in the Post Pandemic Era. Journal of Adolescent Health, 70(4, Supplement), S71–S72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.052
Radeef, A. S., & Faisal, G. G. (2018). Prevalence of Internet Addiction and its association with depression, anxiety and stress among Medical Students in Malaysia. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 6(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2018.6.1987
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Siste, K., Hanafi, E., Sen, L. T., Christian, H., Adrian, Siswidiani, L. P., Limawan, A. P., Murtani, B. J., & Suwartono, C. (2020). The Impact of Physical Distancing and Associated Factors Towards Internet Addiction Among Adults in Indonesia During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Web-Based Study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.580977
The future of 37 million children in Bangladesh is at risk with their education severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2022, from https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/en/press-releases/future-37-million-children-bangladesh-risk-their-education-severely-affected-covid
Tsai, H. F., Cheng, S. H., Yeh, T. L., Shih, C.-C., Chen, K. C., Yang, Y. C., & Yang, Y. K. (2009). The risk factors of Internet addiction—A survey of university freshmen. Psychiatry Research, 167(3), 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.01.015
Weinstein, A., & Lejoyeux, M. (2010). Internet Addiction or Excessive Internet Use. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491880
al Mamun, F., Hosen, I., Misti, J. M., Kaggwa, M. M., & Mamun, M. A. (2021). Mental Disorders of Bangladeshi Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 645–654. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S315961
Baturay, M. H., & Toker, S. (2019). Internet addiction among college students: Some causes and effects. Education and Information Technologies, 24(5), 2863–2885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09894-3
Bukhari, S. A. (2021). Sample Size Determination Using Krejcie and Morgan Table. https://doi.org/10.13140/ RG.2.2.11445.19687
Cao, F., & Su, L. (2007). Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: Prevalence and psychological features. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(3), 275–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00715.x
Chandrima, R. M., Kircaburun, K., Kabir, H., Riaz, B. K., Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). Adolescent problematic internet use and parental mediation: A Bangladeshi structured interview study. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 12, 100288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100288
Chowdhury, A. T., Siddiqua, S. R., Rahman, L., Hossian, M., & Nabi, M. H. (2022). Internet addiction during COVID-19 restricted movement period: A cross-sectional study from Bangladesh (11:519). F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.108664.1
COVID-19 General Information. (n.d.). IEDCR. Retrieved April 17, 2022, from https://iedcr.gov.bd/covid-19/covid-19-general-information
De Vries, H. T., Nakamae, T., Fukui, K., Denys, D., & Narumoto, J. (2018). Problematic internet use and psychiatric co-morbidity in a population of Japanese adult psychiatric patients. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1588-z
Dong, H., Yang, F., Lu, X., & Hao, W. (2020). Internet Addiction and Related Psychological Factors Among Children and Adolescents in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00751
Eidi, A., & Delam, H. (2020). Internet addiction is likely to increase in home quarantine caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System, 8(3), 142–143. https://doi.org/10.30476/jhsss.2020.87015.1104
Hamami, M., Aziz, G. G. A., & Sa’id, M. (2022). Stress and Internet Addiction in College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. KnE Social Sciences, 297–309. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i1.10219
Hassan, T., Alam, M. M., Wahab, A., & Hawlader, M. D. (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of internet addiction among young adults in Bangladesh. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 95(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-019-0032-7
Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466505X29657
Islam, A., & Hossin, M. Z. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors of problematic internet use and the associated psychological distress among graduate students of Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health, 2016, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40405-016-0020-1
Islam, Md. A., & Hossin, M. Z. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors of problematic internet use and the associated psychological distress among graduate students of Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health, 6(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40405-016-0020-1
Iyitoğlu, O., & Çeliköz, N. (2017). EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ADDICTION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT. European Journal of Education Studies, 0, Article 0. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.624
Jahan, I., Hosen, I., al Mamun, F., Kaggwa, M. M., Griffiths, M. D., & Mamun, M. A. (2021). How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Internet Use Behaviors and Facilitated Problematic Internet Use? A Bangladeshi Study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1127–1138. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S323570
Khubchandani, J., Sharma, S., & Price, J. H. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemic and the Burden of Internet Addiction in the United States. Psychiatry International, 2(4), 402–409. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint2040031
Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Binder, J. F. (2013). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 959–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024
Laconi, S., Kaliszewska-Czeremska, K., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Barke, A., Jeromin, F., Groth, J., Gamez-Guadix, M., Ozcan, N. K., Demetrovics, Z., Király, O., Siomos, K., Floros, G., & Kuss, D. J. (2018). Cross-cultural study of Problematic Internet Use in nine European countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 430–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.020
Lam, L. T. (2014). Internet gaming addiction, problematic use of the Internet, and sleep problems: A systematic review. In Current Psychiatry Reports (Vol. 16, Issue 4). Current Medicine Group LLC 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0444-1
Liang, L., Li, C., Meng, C., Guo, X., Lv, J., Fei, J., & Mei, S. (2022). Psychological distress and internet addiction following the COVID-19 outbreak: Fear of missing out and boredom proneness as mediators. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2022.03.007
Lin, M.-P. (2020). Prevalence of Internet Addiction during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Risk Factors among Junior High School Students in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8547. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228547
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
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Mustafa, M. Y., Rose, N. N., & Ishak, A. S. (2020). Internet Addiction and Family Stress: Symptoms, Causes and Effects. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1529(3), 032017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1529/3/032017
Onukwuli, V. O., Udigwe, I. B., Enebe, N. O., Umeh, U. M., & Enebe, J. T. (2022). 135. Internet Addiction Among Adolescents in South East Nigeria During COVID 19 Pandemic – Implications for Adolescent Care in the Post Pandemic Era. Journal of Adolescent Health, 70(4, Supplement), S71–S72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.052
Radeef, A. S., & Faisal, G. G. (2018). Prevalence of Internet Addiction and its association with depression, anxiety and stress among Medical Students in Malaysia. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 6(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2018.6.1987
Rumpf, H.-J., Vermulst, A. A., Bischof, A., Kastirke, N., Gürtler, D., Bischof, G., Meerkerk, G.-J., John, U., & Meyer, C. (2014). Occurence of Internet Addiction in a General Population Sample: A Latent Class Analysis. European Addiction Research, 20(4), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1159/000354321
Sarıalioğlu, A., Atay, T., & Arıkan, D. (2022). Determining the relationship between loneliness and internet addiction among adolescents during the covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 63, 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.11.011
Servidio, R., Bartolo, M. G., Palermiti, A. L., & Costabile, A. (2021). Fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and their association with Internet addiction disorder in a sample of Italian students. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 4, 100097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100097
Shek, T. L., Sun, R. C. F., & Yu, L. (2013). Internet addiction. In Neuroscience in the 21st Century (pp. 2775–2811). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1997-6_108
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