THE 4th INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (4IR) and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2022.ICSTEM4IR.0118-seKeywords:
Industry 4.0 (4IR), technology, transformational business model, triple bottom line, sustainable developmentAbstract
Industry 4.0 (The 4th Industrial Revolution – 4IR) is an emerging ecosystem based on a connection between machines and humans. I4.0 has delivered new production technologies that maximize output while maximizing resource use. An increasing number of companies are reaping the benefits of technological advancements. I4.0 has the potential to provide sustainable industrial value creation across social, economic, and environmental aspects by enhancing resource efficiency. Human advancement, resource utilization, and commercial relationships all fall under the umbrella of sustainable development (SD). Traditional business problem-solving methodologies are being challenged by the I4.0 notion of sustainability, which calls for a shift toward a more systematic and quantifiable approach to dealing with sustainable development. Transformational business models include the triple bottom line and take into account many stakeholders as well as the wider community and environment. social, economic, and mental environment make up the three pillars of long-term viability. It is vital for business models in transforming to value delivery processes for sustainability, making them significant drivers of competitive advantage and overall SD. The paper focus is on the tools and procedures utilized to conduct a thorough examination of these components. This study proposes a quantifiable 4IR framework to map the broad spectrum of sustainable development. This framework is linked with the existing industry 4.0 environment and quantifiable sustainable nodes to measure businesses in the digital era that are potential for sustainable development.
Downloads
References
Antonio, G., Angelo, C., Sanasi, S., & Rangone, A. (2020). Opening up to startup collaborations : Open business models and value co-creation in SMEs Opening up to startup collaborations : Open business models and value co-creation in SMEs. 1, 1–30.
Arnold, C. (2016). How Industry 4 . 0 changes business models in different manufacturing industries [ rewarded with ISPIM Best Student Paper Award ] How Industry 4 . 0 changes business models in different manufacturing industries Christian Arnold * Kai-Ingo Voigt. June, 0–20.
Benedikt, C., & Osborne, M. A. (2016). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting & Social Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
Berre, A. J., Man, H. De, Lew, Y., & Ursin-holm, E. B. M. (2019). Open Business Model , Process and Service Innovation with VDML and ServiceML. X(X), 1–14.
Birkel, H. S., Veile, J. W., Müller, J. M., Hartmann, E., & Voigt, K. I. (2019). Development of a risk framework for Industry 4.0 in the context of sustainability for established manufacturers. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(2), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020384
Bluszcz, A., & Manowska, A. (2021). The Use of Hierarchical Agglomeration Methods in Assessing the Polish Energy Market.
Brasseur, T., Mladenow, A., & Strauss, C. (2017). Open business model innovation : Literature review and agenda for future ISSN 1998-0663 ( print ), ISSN 2587-8166 ( online ). August 2018. https://doi.org/10.17323/ 1998-0663.2017.4.7.16
Brodny, J. (2022). The Use of the Open Innovation Concept to Develop a Method to Improve Safety during the Mining Production Process : A Case Study of the Integration of University and Industry.
Brougham, D., & Haar, J. (2018). Smart Technology, Arti fi cial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms (STARA): Employees ’ perceptions of our future workplace. 2, 239–257. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.55
Burcharth, A. L. D. A., Knudsen, M. P., & Søndergaard, H. A. (2014). Neither invented nor shared here: The impact and management of attitudes for the adoption of open innovation practices. Technovation, 34(3), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2013.11.007
Caradonna;, & L, J. (2014). Sustainability: A history. Oxford University Press.
Chatzinikolaou, D., & Vlados, C. (2019). University-Industry-Government Linkages and the Helix Theory on the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 6th International Conference on Applied Economics “INSTITUTIONS & THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY,” May, 1–23.
Choi, S., & Ng, A. (2011). Environmental and Economic Dimensions of Sustainability and Price Effects on Consumer Responses. 269–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0908-8
Chui, M. ., Löffler, M. ., & Roberts, R. (2016). The Internet of Things.
Cohen, B., Almirall, E., & Chesbrough, H. (2017). The City as a Lab: 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125616683951
Deloitte. (2020). The Industry 4 . 0 paradox Overcoming disconnects on the path to digital transformation.
Diepenmaat, H., Kemp, R., & Velter, M. (2020). Why sustainable development requires societal innovation and cannot be achieved without this. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su12031270
Dobrowolska, M., & Knop, L. (2020). Fit to work in the business models of the industry 4.0 age. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(12), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12124854
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., & Pattnaik, D. (2020). Forty- fi ve years of Journal of Business Research : A bibliometric analysis. 109(October 2019), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.039
Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2017). Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics, 111(2), 1053–1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2300-7
Etzkowitz, H. (2015). Making a humanities town: knowledge-infused clusters, civic entrepreneurship and civil society in local innovation systems. Triple Helix, 2(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40604-014-0012-z
Evans, S., Vladimirova, D., Holgado, M., Fossen, K. Van, Yang, M., Silva, E. A., & Barlow, C. Y. (2017). Business Model Innovation for Sustainability: Towards a Uni fi ed Perspective for Creation of Sustainable Business Models. 608(April), 597–608. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1939
Ford, S., & Despeisse, M. (2016). Additive manufacturing and sustainability : an exploratory study of the advantages and challenges. 137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.150
Furukawa, K., & Shida, S. (1966). A Practical Comparison between Nitrous Oxide Dosimetry and Fricke Dosimetry for the Estimation of γ-RayEnergy absorbed in Gaseous Media. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 3(1), 41–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1966.9732270
Ghobakhloo, M. (2020). Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 119869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119869
Gilchrist, A. (2016). Industry 4.0.
Gosselin, P. M. (2005). Between Conflicts and Interests: A Socio-Historical Perspective; Triple Helix Book of Abstracts Torino.
Grabowska, S., & Saniuk, S. (2022a). Business Models in the Industry 4 . 0 Environment — Results of Web of Science Bibliometric Analysis.
Grabowska, S., & Saniuk, S. (2022b). Development of Business Models in the Fourth Industrial Revolution : Conditions in the Context of Empirical Research on Worldwide Scope Companies Located in Poland.
Hofmann, E., & Rüsch, M. (2017). Computers in Industry Industry 4 . 0 and the current status as well as future prospects on logistics. 89, 23–25.
Holtgrewe, U. (2014). New new technologies: The future and the present of work in information and communication technology. New Technology, Work and Employment, 29(1), 9–24. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/ntwe.12025
Kale, V. (2014). Guide to Cloud Computing for Business and Technology Managers: From Distributed Computing to Cloudware Applications (Boca Raton (ed.)). CRC Press.
Kang, H. S., Lee, J. Y., Choi, S., Kim, H., Park, J. H., Son, J. Y., Kim, B. H., & Noh, S. Do. (2016). Smart Manufacturing : Past Research , Present Findings , and Future Directions. 3(1), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-016-0015-5
Khan, I. S., Ahmad, M. O., & Majava, J. (2021). Industry 4.0 and sustainable development: A systematic mapping of triple bottom line, Circular Economy and Sustainable Business Models perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 297, 126655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126655
Khumalo, M. (2017). The open business model in a dynamic business environment : A literature review. November. https://doi.org/10.7166/28-3-1851
Kraus, S., & Dasí-rodríguez, S. (2020). The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research Content courtesy of Springer Nature , terms of use apply . Rights reserved . Content courtesy of Springer Nature , terms of use apply . Rights reserved . 1023–1042.
Liao, Y., Deschamps, F., Freitas, E. De, & Loures, R. (2017). Past , present and future of Industry 4 . 0 - a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal. International Journal of Production Research, 7543(March), 0. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1308576
Luczak, J., & Tran, M. (2017). University – Real Estate Industry Cooperation in Open Innovation in the Topic of Walkability ( breakout presentation ). Journal of Transport & Health, 7, S54. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jth.2017.11.089
Luiz, D., Nascimento, M., Alencastro, V., Luiz, O., Quelhas, G., Caiado, G. G., Garza-reyes, J. A., Lona, L. R., Tortorella, G., Luiz, D., Nascimento, M., Alencastro, V., Luiz, O., Quelhas, G., Caiado, G. G., Garza-reyes, J. A., Lona, L. R., Tortorella, G., & Garza-reyes, J. A. (2018). Exploring Industry 4 . 0 technologies to enable circular economy practices in a manufacturing context. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-03-2018-0071
Mas-tur, A., Roig-tierno, N., Sarin, S., Haon, C., Sego, T., & Merig, M. (2021). Technological Forecasting & Social Change Co-citation , bibliographic coupling and leading authors , institutions and countries in the 50 years of Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 165 (November 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore. 2020.120487
Moradi, E., Mohammadbagher, S., Mohammadi, Z., & Mirzaei, A. (2021). Asia Paci fi c Management Review Impact of organizational inertia on business model innovation , open innovation and corporate performance. Asia Pacific Management Review, xxxx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2021.01.003
Müller, Julian M., & Voigt, K. I. (2018). Sustainable Industrial Value Creation in SMEs: A Comparison between Industry 4.0 and Made in China 2025. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology, 5(5), 659–670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-018-0056-z
Müller, Julian Marius, Kiel;, D., & Voigt, K.-I. (2018). What Drives the Implementation of Industry 4 . 0 ? The Role of Opportunities and Challenges in the Context of Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010247
Peñarroya-Farell, M., & Miralles, F. (2021). Business Model Dynamics from Interaction with Open Innovation.
Pile, T. (2018). Pepperdine Digital Commons Developing a framework for open innovation.
Qu, Y. J., Ming, X. G., Liu, Z. W., & Zhang, X. Y. (2019). Smart manufacturing systems : state of the art and future trends.
Sarasini, S., Sarasini, S., & Langeland, O. (2021). Business model innovation as a process for transforming user mobility practices Business model innovation as a process for transforming user mobility practices. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 39(June), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2021. 04.005
Schmidt, R., Möhring, M., Härting, R., & Reichstein, C. (2015). Industry 4 . 0 -Potentials for Creating Smart Products : Empirical Research Results Industry 4 . 0 - Potentials for Creating Smart Products : Empirical Research Results. April. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19027-3
Antonio, G., Angelo, C., Sanasi, S., & Rangone, A. (2020). Opening up to startup collaborations : Open business models and value co-creation in SMEs Opening up to startup collaborations : Open business models and value co-creation in SMEs. 1, 1–30.
Arnold, C. (2016). How Industry 4 . 0 changes business models in different manufacturing industries [ rewarded with ISPIM Best Student Paper Award ] How Industry 4 . 0 changes business models in different manufacturing industries Christian Arnold * Kai-Ingo Voigt. June, 0–20.
Benedikt, C., & Osborne, M. A. (2016). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting & Social Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
Berre, A. J., Man, H. De, Lew, Y., & Ursin-holm, E. B. M. (2019). Open Business Model , Process and Service Innovation with VDML and ServiceML. X(X), 1–14.
Birkel, H. S., Veile, J. W., Müller, J. M., Hartmann, E., & Voigt, K. I. (2019). Development of a risk framework for Industry 4.0 in the context of sustainability for established manufacturers. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(2), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020384
Bluszcz, A., & Manowska, A. (2021). The Use of Hierarchical Agglomeration Methods in Assessing the Polish Energy Market.
Brasseur, T., Mladenow, A., & Strauss, C. (2017). Open business model innovation : Literature review and agenda for future ISSN 1998-0663 ( print ), ISSN 2587-8166 ( online ). August 2018. https://doi.org/10.17323/ 1998-0663.2017.4.7.16
Brodny, J. (2022). The Use of the Open Innovation Concept to Develop a Method to Improve Safety during the Mining Production Process : A Case Study of the Integration of University and Industry.
Brougham, D., & Haar, J. (2018). Smart Technology, Arti fi cial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms (STARA): Employees ’ perceptions of our future workplace. 2, 239–257. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.55
Burcharth, A. L. D. A., Knudsen, M. P., & Søndergaard, H. A. (2014). Neither invented nor shared here: The impact and management of attitudes for the adoption of open innovation practices. Technovation, 34(3), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2013.11.007
Caradonna;, & L, J. (2014). Sustainability: A history. Oxford University Press.
Chatzinikolaou, D., & Vlados, C. (2019). University-Industry-Government Linkages and the Helix Theory on the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 6th International Conference on Applied Economics “INSTITUTIONS & THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY,” May, 1–23.
Choi, S., & Ng, A. (2011). Environmental and Economic Dimensions of Sustainability and Price Effects on Consumer Responses. 269–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0908-8
Chui, M. ., Löffler, M. ., & Roberts, R. (2016). The Internet of Things.
Cohen, B., Almirall, E., & Chesbrough, H. (2017). The City as a Lab: 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125616683951
Deloitte. (2020). The Industry 4 . 0 paradox Overcoming disconnects on the path to digital transformation.
Diepenmaat, H., Kemp, R., & Velter, M. (2020). Why sustainable development requires societal innovation and cannot be achieved without this. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(3), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su12031270
Dobrowolska, M., & Knop, L. (2020). Fit to work in the business models of the industry 4.0 age. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(12), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12124854
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., & Pattnaik, D. (2020). Forty- fi ve years of Journal of Business Research : A bibliometric analysis. 109(October 2019), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.039
Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2017). Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics, 111(2), 1053–1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2300-7
Etzkowitz, H. (2015). Making a humanities town: knowledge-infused clusters, civic entrepreneurship and civil society in local innovation systems. Triple Helix, 2(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40604-014-0012-z
Evans, S., Vladimirova, D., Holgado, M., Fossen, K. Van, Yang, M., Silva, E. A., & Barlow, C. Y. (2017). Business Model Innovation for Sustainability: Towards a Uni fi ed Perspective for Creation of Sustainable Business Models. 608(April), 597–608. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1939
Ford, S., & Despeisse, M. (2016). Additive manufacturing and sustainability : an exploratory study of the advantages and challenges. 137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.150
Furukawa, K., & Shida, S. (1966). A Practical Comparison between Nitrous Oxide Dosimetry and Fricke Dosimetry for the Estimation of γ-RayEnergy absorbed in Gaseous Media. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 3(1), 41–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1966.9732270
Ghobakhloo, M. (2020). Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 119869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119869
Gilchrist, A. (2016). Industry 4.0.
Gosselin, P. M. (2005). Between Conflicts and Interests: A Socio-Historical Perspective; Triple Helix Book of Abstracts Torino.
Grabowska, S., & Saniuk, S. (2022a). Business Models in the Industry 4 . 0 Environment — Results of Web of Science Bibliometric Analysis.
Grabowska, S., & Saniuk, S. (2022b). Development of Business Models in the Fourth Industrial Revolution : Conditions in the Context of Empirical Research on Worldwide Scope Companies Located in Poland.
Hofmann, E., & Rüsch, M. (2017). Computers in Industry Industry 4 . 0 and the current status as well as future prospects on logistics. 89, 23–25.
Holtgrewe, U. (2014). New new technologies: The future and the present of work in information and communication technology. New Technology, Work and Employment, 29(1), 9–24. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/ntwe.12025
Kale, V. (2014). Guide to Cloud Computing for Business and Technology Managers: From Distributed Computing to Cloudware Applications (Boca Raton (ed.)). CRC Press.
Kang, H. S., Lee, J. Y., Choi, S., Kim, H., Park, J. H., Son, J. Y., Kim, B. H., & Noh, S. Do. (2016). Smart Manufacturing : Past Research , Present Findings , and Future Directions. 3(1), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-016-0015-5
Khan, I. S., Ahmad, M. O., & Majava, J. (2021). Industry 4.0 and sustainable development: A systematic mapping of triple bottom line, Circular Economy and Sustainable Business Models perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 297, 126655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126655
Khumalo, M. (2017). The open business model in a dynamic business environment : A literature review. November. https://doi.org/10.7166/28-3-1851
Kraus, S., & Dasí-rodríguez, S. (2020). The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research Content courtesy of Springer Nature , terms of use apply . Rights reserved . Content courtesy of Springer Nature , terms of use apply . Rights reserved . 1023–1042.
Liao, Y., Deschamps, F., Freitas, E. De, & Loures, R. (2017). Past , present and future of Industry 4 . 0 - a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal. International Journal of Production Research, 7543(March), 0. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1308576
Luczak, J., & Tran, M. (2017). University – Real Estate Industry Cooperation in Open Innovation in the Topic of Walkability ( breakout presentation ). Journal of Transport & Health, 7, S54. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jth.2017.11.089
Luiz, D., Nascimento, M., Alencastro, V., Luiz, O., Quelhas, G., Caiado, G. G., Garza-reyes, J. A., Lona, L. R., Tortorella, G., Luiz, D., Nascimento, M., Alencastro, V., Luiz, O., Quelhas, G., Caiado, G. G., Garza-reyes, J. A., Lona, L. R., Tortorella, G., & Garza-reyes, J. A. (2018). Exploring Industry 4 . 0 technologies to enable circular economy practices in a manufacturing context. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-03-2018-0071
Mas-tur, A., Roig-tierno, N., Sarin, S., Haon, C., Sego, T., & Merig, M. (2021). Technological Forecasting & Social Change Co-citation , bibliographic coupling and leading authors , institutions and countries in the 50 years of Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 165 (November 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore. 2020.120487
Moradi, E., Mohammadbagher, S., Mohammadi, Z., & Mirzaei, A. (2021). Asia Paci fi c Management Review Impact of organizational inertia on business model innovation , open innovation and corporate performance. Asia Pacific Management Review, xxxx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2021.01.003
Müller, Julian M., & Voigt, K. I. (2018). Sustainable Industrial Value Creation in SMEs: A Comparison between Industry 4.0 and Made in China 2025. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology, 5(5), 659–670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-018-0056-z
Müller, Julian Marius, Kiel;, D., & Voigt, K.-I. (2018). What Drives the Implementation of Industry 4 . 0 ? The Role of Opportunities and Challenges in the Context of Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010247
Peñarroya-Farell, M., & Miralles, F. (2021). Business Model Dynamics from Interaction with Open Innovation.
Pile, T. (2018). Pepperdine Digital Commons Developing a framework for open innovation.
Qu, Y. J., Ming, X. G., Liu, Z. W., & Zhang, X. Y. (2019). Smart manufacturing systems : state of the art and future trends.
Sarasini, S., Sarasini, S., & Langeland, O. (2021). Business model innovation as a process for transforming user mobility practices Business model innovation as a process for transforming user mobility practices. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 39(June), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2021. 04.005
Schmidt, R., Möhring, M., Härting, R., & Reichstein, C. (2015). Industry 4 . 0 -Potentials for Creating Smart Products : Empirical Research Results Industry 4 . 0 - Potentials for Creating Smart Products : Empirical Research Results. April. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19027-3
Sisinni, E., Saifullah, A., Han, S., & Ulf, I. (2018). Industrial Internet of Things : Challenges , Opportunities , and Directions. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, PP(X), 1. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TII.2018.2852491
Sony, M., & Naik, S. (2020). Critical factors for the successful implementation of Industry 4.0: a review and future research direction. Production Planning and Control, 31(10), 799–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1691278
Tortorella, G. L., & Fettermann, D. (2017). Implementation of Industry 4 . 0 and lean production in Brazilian manufacturing companies. International Journal of Production Research, 7543(October), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1391420
Trzaska, R., & Mazgajczyk, E. (2020). Industry 4 . 0 : Overview of Business Models in Additive Manufacturing. 18453–18464.
Tsutsui, Y., Yamada, N., Mitake, Y., Sholihah, M., & Shimomura, Y. (2020). A Strategic Design Guideline for Open Business Models. 14(5).
Weiblen, T. (2014). The Open Business Model : Understanding an Emerging Concept The Open Business Model : Understanding an Emerging Concept. January. https://doi.org/10.13052/jmbmit2245-456X.212
Wiprächtiger, D., Narayanamurthy, G., Moser, R., & Sengupta, T. (2019). Technological Forecasting & Social Change Access-based business model innovation in frontier markets : Case study of shared mobility in Timor-Leste. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, February, 0–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.02.004
Xie, X., & Wang, H. (2020). How can open innovation ecosystem modes push product innovation forward ? An fsQCA analysis ☆. Journal of Business Research, 108(October 2019), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.011
Xie, X., & Wang, H. (2021). How to bridge the gap between innovation niches and exploratory and exploitative innovations in open innovation ecosystems. Journal of Business Research, 124(November 2020), 299–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.058
Xu, L. Da, Xu, E. L., & Li, L. (2018). Industry 4 . 0 : state of the art and future trends. 7543, 0–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1444806
Zheng, P., Wang, H., Sang, Z., Zhong, R. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, C., & Mubarok, K. (2018). Smart manufacturing systems for Industry 4 . 0 : Conceptual framework , scenarios , and future perspectives.
Zhou, C., & Etzkowitz, H. (2021). Triple helix twins: A framework for achieving innovation and un sustainable development goals. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ su13126535
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Khulna University Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
