Assessment of Anti-Vibrio alginolyticus and -Exiguobacterium qingdaonense Activity of Seaweed Collected from the St. Martin’s Island
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2026.SI.7.01.MariNEX1504-lsKeywords:
Seaweeds, Bacteria, Toxicity, Antibacterial activity, IC50Abstract
Seaweeds are being increasingly assessed for their potential antimicrobial effects in controlling microbial infections in aquaculture units; however, despite the rapid growth of aquaculture in Bangladesh, studies on the antibacterial potential of indigenous seaweeds against aquaculture pathogens remain limited. In this study, four seaweeds (Hypnea spinella, Padina australis, Chnoospora implexa, Sargassum carpophyllum) collected from St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh, were studied to evaluate their antibacterial activity. All experiments were conducted in duplicate and followed a randomized experimental design to ensure reproducibility and statistical reliability. Initially, a comparative study of total viable bacterial count (TBC) between seawater and seawater extracts of seaweeds was done to explore seaweeds’ antibacterial potentiality; the mean TBC in the seawater and seawater-extracts of seaweed samples was 1.24±0.01×108 and 1.105±0.02×108 CFU/mL, respectively, being likely associated with antibacterial potential of these seaweeds. Accordingly, the antibacterial activities of crude extracts prepared from each seaweed using water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane were evaluated against the gram-negative Vibrio alginolyticus and the gram-positive Exiguobacterium qingdaonense isolated from the Mud crab Scylla olivacea. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated at a concentration of 5 mg/disc compared to 6 commercial antibiotics; not a single extract exhibited an inhibitory zone against V. alginolyticus while it was sensitive to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline antibiotics; likely, the tested seaweed extracts might have insufficient active compounds at the tested dose or inherent resistance of V. alginolyticus, highlighting further dose optimization studies. Conversely, the extracts showed inhibitory zones against E. qingdaonense, with the exception of water extracts, and the strain was susceptible to all antibiotics. Since the ethanol extract of P. australis exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (11 mm), a dose-response (1-10 mg/disc) analysis was performed, which showed a strong positive linear (R² = 0.961) relationship. The IC50 of this extract, determined by the broth microdilution method, was 0.9220 mg/mL indicating weak to moderate antibacterial activity. The toxicity evaluation through in vivo brine shrimp assays demonstrated that the tested seaweed extracts had no significant toxicity observed at concentrations up to 1.0 mg/mL, suggesting the applicability of these extracts in crustacean aquaculture units. Nevertheless, further meticulous investigations are necessary to reveal the inhibitory effects of these seaweeds against a wider range of fish and shellfish pathogens.
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