Climate Change Stressors and Adaptive Responses in Shrimp Farming: A Systematic Review of Emerging Synbiotic Technologies

Saroj Kumar Mistry; Syed Hafizur Rahman

doi:10.53808/KUS.2025.22.02.1489-ls

Authors

Saroj Kumar Mistry Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh
Syed Hafizur Rahman Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2025.22.02.1489-ls

Keywords:

Climate Change, Aquaculture, PRISMA 2020, Shrimp Production, Immunity, Synbiotic, Sustainable Farming

Abstract

Aquaculture faces significant challenges due to climate change, with shrimp production particularly jeopardized by the vulnerability of shrimp physiology and immune responses to climatic fluctuations. Emerging synbiotic technology in aquaculture combines probiotics and prebiotics to enhance animal health, promote growth, and increase disease resistance. Following a systematic review of the literature, Boolean search method was performed to explore how climate-induced stresses influenced shrimp production performance and synbiotic technology improve shrimp production. This systematic literature review adhered to PRISMA 2020 and employed a Boolean search method within the Scopus database to acquire 161 articles. A systematic thematic synthesis of 80 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 was performed after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that prolonged rainfall, fluctuating salinity, and temperature fluctuations directly hinder shrimp growth, enzyme functionality, and immune responses, destabilize the gut microbiome, and increase susceptibility to illnesses. Environmental stress leading to physiological deterioration primarily stemmed from mineral ion imbalances and oxidative damage. Mitigating adverse conditions by improved aeration, optimized water management, and selective breeding offers partial remedies; however, novel microbial technologies have emerged as particularly promising options. The synbiotics exhibited synergistic benefits by increasing antioxidant defenses, stabilizing gut microbiota, and upregulating immune genes, thereby improving the shrimp's tolerance to climate stress. This review highlights the application of synbiotics as a novel strategy for sustainable and climate- resilient shrimp production.

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