LIFESTYLE FACTORS AND RISK OF OBESITY AMONG THE SCHOOL CHILDREN IN KHULNA CITY

Shahinur  Akter; Taslima Akter  Bristy

doi:10.53808/KUS.2022.19.02.2147-ss

Authors

Shahinur Akter Sociology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
Taslima Akter Bristy Sociology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2022.19.02.2147-ss

Keywords:

Obesity, lifestyle, children, dietary habit, physical activity

Abstract

As childhood obesity is increasing in urban areas, this study was designed to explain the association of lifestyle-related factors with obesity among primary school children in the Khulna City of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 257 purposively selected mothers of primary school children. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for data collection during February and March 2019. Findings indicated that a significant proportion of the teenagers were obese (44%). Results from regression analysis revealed that children having health problems, frequency of meals taken per day, and time spent in outdoor games have a significant association (p < 0.05) with childhood obesity. Moreover, children having health problems (AOR = 4.941; 95% CI: 2.273-10.745; p < 0.001), taking meals more than three times in a day (AOR = 24.534; 95% CI: 10.024-60.046; p < 0.001), and spending less time in outdoor games (AOR = 2.736; 95% CI: 1.242-6.028; p < 0.05)) were more likely to be obese. The study suggests that parents should motivate their children to adopt a healthy lifestyle. In addition, adequate playgrounds for children can help to prevent obesity and should be prioritized in the management of childhood obesity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abduelkarem, A. R., Sharif, S. I., Bankessli, F. G., Kamal, S. A., Kulhasan, N. M., & Hamrouni, A. M. (2020). Obesity and its associated risk factors among school-aged children in Sharjah, UAE. PLoS ONE, 15(6), e0234244. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234244

Ahmed, H. S., Khalid, M. E., Osman, O. M., Ballal, M. A., & Al-Hashem, F. H. (2016). The association between physical activity and overweight and obesity in a population of children at high and low altitudes in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 23(2), 82. doi: 10.4103/2230-8229.181011

Akter, S. Rahman, M. H. & Razu, S. R. (2020). Socio-demographic factors associated with obesity among primary school children: A cross-sectional survey from Khulna district of Bangladesh. Journal of Population and Development, 2, 84-96.

Al-Agha, A. E., Nizar, F. S., & Nahhas, A. M. (2016). The association between body mass index and duration spent on electronic devices in children and adolescents in Western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 37(4), 436. doi: 10.15537/smj.2016.4.15018

Al-Ghamdi, S. H. (2013). The association between watching television and obesity in children of school-age in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 20(2), 83. doi: 10.4103/2230-8229.114767

Al-Hazzaa, H. M., & Albawardi, N. M. (2019). Activity energy expenditure, screen time and dietary habits relative to gender among Saudi youth: Interactions of gender with obesity status and selected lifestyle behaviours. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 28(2), 389-400. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.201906_28(2).0022.

Al-Hazzaa, H. M., Musaiger, A. O., Abahussain, N. A., Al-Sobayel, H. I., & Qahwaji, D. M. (2012). Prevalence of short sleep duration and its association with obesity among adolescents 15-to 19-year olds: A cross-sectional study from three major cities in Saudi Arabia. Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 7(3), 133. doi: 10.4103/1817-1737.98845

Al-Nuaim, A. A., Al-Nakeeb, Y., Lyons, M., Al-Hazzaa, H. M., Nevill, A., Collins, P., & Duncan, M. J. (2012). The prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behaviours relative to obesity among adolescents from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: Rural versus urban variations. Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism, 2012:417589. doi: 10.1155/2012/417589.

Alazzeh, A. Y., AlShammari, E. M., Smadi, M. M., Azzeh, F. S., AlShammari, B. T., Epuru, S., Banu, S., Bano, R., Sulaiman, S., Alcantara, J. C., Syed, A. A., & Qiblawi, S. (2018). Some socioeconomic factors and lifestyle habits influencing the prevalence of obesity among adolescent male students in the hail region of Saudi Arabia. Children, 5(3), 39. doi: 10.3390/children5030039

Alghadir, A. H., Gabr, S. A., & Iqbal, Z. A. (2016). Television watching, diet and body mass index of school children in Saudi Arabia. Pediatrics International, 58(4), 290-294. doi: 10.1111/ped.12834

Almuhanna, M. A., Alsaif, M., Alsaadi, M., & Almajwal, A. (2014). Fast food intake and prevalence of obesity in school children in Riyadh City. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics, 14(1), 71. PMC4949920

Amidu, N., Owiredu, W., Saaka, M., Quaye, L., Wanwan, M., Kumibea, P., Zingina, F., & Mogre, V. (2013). Determinants of childhood obesity among basic school children aged 6–12 years in Tamale Metropolis. Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(3), 26-34. doi: 10.4314/jmbs.v2i3.5

Bertapelli, F., Pitetti, K., Agiovlasitis, S., & Guerra-Junior, G. (2016). Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome-prevalence, determinants, consequences, and interventions: A literature review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 57, 181-192. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.06.018

Bhuiyan, M. U., Zaman, S., & Ahmed, T. (2013). Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among urban school children and adolescents in Bangladesh: A case-control study. BMC Pediatrics, 13(1), 1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-13-72

Desalew, A., Mandesh, A., & Semahegn, A. (2017). Childhood overweight, obesity and associated factors among primary school children in dire dawa, eastern Ethiopia; A cross-sectional study. BMC Obesity, 4(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s40608-017-0156-2

Emond, J. A., Longacre, M. R., Titus, L. J., Hendricks, K., Drake, K. M., Carroll, J. E., Cleveland, L. P., & Dalton, M. A. (2020). Fast food intake and excess weight gain over a 1‐year period among preschool‐age children. Pediatric Obesity, 15(4), e12602. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12602

Ganle, J. K., Boakye, P. P., & Baatiema, L. (2019). Childhood obesity in urban Ghana: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey of in-school children aged 5–16 years. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7898-3

Habib, M. A., Chowdhury, A. I., Hossen, K., Kibria, T., & Hossain, M. (2020). Fast food intake and prevalence of overweight/obesity in students: Do eating habits have a differential impact on gender? Journal of Contemporary Medical Research, 7(6), F4-F9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.6.30

Hajian-Tilaki, K., & Heidari, B. (2013). Childhood obesity, overweight, socio-demographic and life style determinants among preschool children in Babol, northern Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(11), 1283. PMC4499070

Hammad, S. S., & Berry, D. C. (2017). The child obesity epidemic in Saudi Arabia: A review of the literature. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 28(5), 505-515. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659616668398

Hasanat, M. A., Rauniyar, B. K., Jahan, S., Sultana, N., Hasan, M., Rahman, M. A., Aktar, Y., & Fariduddin, M. (2019). Lifestyle has significant influence over obesity among school children in Bangladesh. Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal, 10(1), 555-776. doi: https://doi.org/10.19080/CRDOJ.2019.10.555776

Hassan, N. E., El-Masry, S. A., Farid, T., & Khalil, A. (2016). Influence of parental and some demographic characteristics on overweight/obesity status among a sample of Egyptian children. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(3), 342. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.088

Hering, E., Pritsker, I., Gonchar, L., & Pillar, G. (2009). Obesity in children is associated with increased health care use. Clinical Pediatrics, 48(8), 812-818. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922809336072

Hills, A. P., Andersen, L. B., & Byrne, N. M. (2011). Physical activity and obesity in children. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 866-870. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090199

Hossain, M. T., Luies, S. K., & Biswas, T. (2020). Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among primary school children (9–14 years) in a selected area of Dhaka, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 45(4), 429. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_466_19

Júlíusson, P. B., Eide, G. E., Roelants, M., Waaler, P. E., Hauspie, R., & Bjerknes, R. (2010). Overweight and obesity in Norwegian children: Prevalence and socio‐demographic risk factors. Acta Paediatrica, 99(6), 900-905. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01730.x

Katzmarzyk, P. T., Broyles, S. T., Champagne, C. M., Chaput, J. P., Fogelholm, M., Hu, G., Kuriyan, R., Kurpad, A., Lambert, E. V., Maia, J., Matsudo, V., Olds, T., Onywera, V., Sarmiento, O. L., Standage, M., Tremblay, M. S., TudorLocke, C., & Zhao, P. (2016). Relationship between soft drink consumption and obesity in 9–11 years old children in a multi-national study. Nutrients, 8(12), 770. doi: 10.3390/nu8120770

Keller, A., & Bucher, D. T. S. (2015). Sugar-sweetened beverages and obesity among children and adolescents: A review of systematic literature reviews. Childhood Obesity, 11(4), 338-346. doi: 10.1089/chi.2014.0117

Koirala, M., Khatri, R., Khanal, V., & Amatya, A. (2015). Prevalence and factors associated with childhood overweight/obesity of private children in Nepal. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 9(3), 220-227. doi: https:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.219

Kuczmarski, R. J., Ogden, C. L., Guo, S. S., Grummer-Strawn, L. M., Flegal, K. M., Mei, Z., Wei, R., Curtin, L. R., Roche, A. F., & Johnson, C. L. (2002). 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and development. Vital and Health Statistics 11, 1-190. PMID: 12043359

Lee, G., & Ham, O. K. (2015). Factors affecting underweight and obesity among elementary school children in South Korea. Asian Nursing Research, 9(4), 298-304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2015.07.004

Ma, Y., Gong, W., Ding, C., Song, C., Yuan, F., Fan, J., Feng, G., Chen, Z., & Liu, A. (2021). The association between frequency of eating out with overweight and obesity among children aged 6–17 in China: A national cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11104-0

Machado-Rodrigues, A. M., Gama, A., Mourão, I., Nogueira, H., Rosado-Marques, V., & Padez, C. (2018). Eating away from home: A risk factor for overweight in children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(12), 1724-1727. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0165-3

Mahfouz, A. A., Shatoor, A. S., Khan, M. Y., Daffalla, A. A., Mostafa, O. A., & Hassanein, M. A. (2011). Nutrition, physical activity, and gender risks for adolescent obesity in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology: Official Journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association, 17(5), 318. doi: 10.4103/1319-3767.84486

Mirelman, A., Koehlmoos, T. P., & Niessen, L. (2012). Risk-attributable burden of chronic diseases and cost of prevention in Bangladesh. Global Heart, 7(1). doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2012.01.006

Neto, F. A., Eto, F. N., Pereira, T. S. S., Carletti, L., & Molina, M. d. C. B. (2014). Active and sedentary behaviours in children aged 7 to 10 years old: The urban and rural contexts, Brazil. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1174

Piryani, S., Baral, K. P., Pradhan, B., Poudyal, A. K., & Piryani, R. M. (2016). Overweight and its associated risk factors among urban school adolescents in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 6(5), e010335. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010335

Rachmi, C., Li, M., & Baur, L. A. (2017). Overweight and obesity in Indonesia: Prevalence and risk factors-a literature review. Public Health, 147, 20-29. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.02.002

Rahman, M., Reza, S., Islam, M., Rahman, A., & Nath, A. (2014). Prevalence of obesity and overweight among English medium school children of Dhaka City in Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 7(1), 63-67. doi: https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22146

Rauniyar, B., Jahan, S., Sultana, N., Hasan, M., Rahman, M. A., Aktar, Y., Fariduddin, M., & Hasanat, M. A. (2018). Prevalence of obesity is rising among primary school children in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Diabetes & Obesity International Journal, 3(3), 000182.

Raychaudhuri, M., & Sanyal, D. (2012). Childhood obesity: Determinants, evaluation, and prevention. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 16(Suppl 2), S192. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.104037

Saha, S., Zahid, M. K., & Rasheed, S. (2011). The study of the level of knowledge, attitude, practices (KAP) as well as the effects of school environment on the nutritional status of children (7-12) coming from affluent families in the Dhaka City in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition, 31-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v24i0.14035

Scaglioni, S., De Cosmi, V., Ciappolino, V., Parazzini, F., Brambilla, P., & Agostoni, C. (2018). Factors influencing children’s eating behaviours. Nutrients, 10(6), 706. doi: 10.3390/nu10060706

World Health Organization. (2020). Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

Xu, J., Hardy, L. L., Guo, C. Z., & Garnett, S. P. (2018). The trends and prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity among Australian school‐aged children, 1985–2014. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, 54(8), 907-912. doi: 10.1111/jpc.13922

Zabeen, B., Sharmin, E., Shamayeen, Z., Khaled, N., Nahar, J., & Azad, K. (2018). Prevalence of overweight & obesity among school students from high and low-income families in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. American Academy of Pediatrics, 142 (1), 502. doi: 10.1542/peds.142.1_MeetingAbstract.502

Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Li, J., Zhong, H., & Pan, C. W. (2020). Associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity: Findings from rural Chinese adolescents with relatively low adiposity risks. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09897-7

Zhao, Y., Wang, L., Xue, H., Wang, H., & Wang, Y. (2017). Fast food consumption and its associations with obesity and hypertension among children: Results from the baseline data of the childhood obesity study in China Mega-cities. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4952-x